|
|
CASE REPORT |
|
|
|
| Year : 2007 | Volume
: 12
| Issue : 3 | Page : 138-139 |
| |
Benign retroperitoneal mesenchymoma of childhood
JK Mahajan1, Sunita Ojha1, Kim Vaiphei2, KLN Rao1
1 Department of Pediatric Surgery, Advanced Pediatric Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh - 160 012, India
2 Department of Histopathology, Advanced Pediatric Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh - 160 012, India
Correspondence Address:
J K Mahajan
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Advanced Pediatric Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh - 160 012
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/0971-9261.34953
 Abstract | | |
Benign mesenchymoma is a rare tumor composed of mature fat, thin small and medium-sized vessels and spindle cells of smooth muscle origin and has been found in variable locations. There have been only three reports of such cases in the retroperitoneal location. We report one such rare retroperitoneal tumor.
Keywords: Benign mesechymoma, lipomatous tumor, retroperitoneal tumor
How to cite this article:
Mahajan J K, Ojha S, Vaiphei K, Rao K. Benign retroperitoneal mesenchymoma of childhood. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2007;12:138-9 |
How to cite this URL:
Mahajan J K, Ojha S, Vaiphei K, Rao K. Benign retroperitoneal mesenchymoma of childhood. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg [serial online] 2007 [cited 2023 May 31];12:138-9. Available from: https://www.jiaps.com/text.asp?2007/12/3/138/34953 |
| Introduction | |  |
Benign mesenchymoma is a rare tumor composed of an admixture of two or more mature mesenchymal tissue types found in variable locations such as the mesentery, skin, liver and ovary. [1] Mesenchymomas are clinically and histologically benign. Only three retroperitoneal cases have been reported so far in literature. [1],[2],[3] This is a report of one such rare retroperitoneal tumor along with a review of other reported retroperitoneal lipomatous tumors of childhood.
| Case Report | | |
A five year-old female presented with a huge, painless, gradually enlarging intraabdominal lump of three years' duration. The child had no history of vomiting, bowel complaints, weight loss, hematuria or urinary disturbances. The reason for the hospital visit was discomfort due to weight of the tumor. On examination, the child had mild pallor although the respiratory and cardiovascular systems were normal. A large, nontender; immobile, firm mass with a smooth surface and well-defined margins occupied the entire abdomen. There was no fluid thrill or bruit. On per-rectal examination, a hard mass was palpable anteriorly. Hematological parameters, renal function tests and liver function tests were normal.
Plain X-ray of the abdomen showed a large calcified mass, predominantly occupying the right half of the abdomen crossing the midline and pushing the bowel towards the left side. Ultrasonography revealed a large heterogenous calcified mass displacing the normal liver, spleen, kidneys and the urinary bladder. The kidneys could be seen being separate from the mass. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a large solid calcified retroperitoneal mass displacing the normal viscera. The aorta and inferior vena cava (IVC) were displaced towards the left side and the right iliac vein was stretched over the tumor [Figure - 1]. The child underwent exploratory laparotomy revealing a large retroperitoneal tumor 30 x 30 cm occupying the entire abdomen and pushing the bowel towards the left side. The right kidney was compressed by the tumor. Although the aorta, IVC and iliac vessels were pushed and stretched by the tumor, they were not invaded by it. The tumor was adherent to the soft tissues in the right iliac fossa, well-encapsulated and could be removed in toto . The cut surface of the tumor revealed fat and extensive bony areas that were very hard to cut.
Histological examination showed that the tumor was mainly composed of mature fat tissue divided into lobules by fibrocollagenous bands. In addition, the tumor had bone, cartilage, blood vessels and spindle cells of smooth muscle origin suggestive of a benign mesenchymoma [Figure - 2]. The lymph nodes had features of reactive hyperplasia.
| Discussion | | |
Benign mesenchymoma are rare tumors. Stout described these tumors to be of mesenchymal origin that differentiate into a varied assortment of tissues. [1] Diagnosis is made when at least two distinct mesenchymal elements are present, which are not ordinarily found in a tumor, like bone and cartilage. Since the fibrous element is present in all the mesenchymal tumors, this must not be counted as one of the features for diagnosis. The tissues in benign mesenchymoma include fat, blood vessels, smooth muscles, striated muscle, cartilage, lymphoid and hematopoietic tissue. [1] A negative S-100 can exclude spindle cell lipoma or Schwann cell tumor. [2] Stout stated that the tumor occurred in both benign and malignant forms and that while the benign form was capable of local recurrences, the malignant form may have distant metastasis.
These tumors might be called 'Hamartomas'. However, such types of tumors are found both in skin and renal areas as well, which have epithelial elements that do not enter into the composition of the tumor. In Le Ber and Stout's opinion, this tumor should be called Benign Mesenchymoma. [3] They reported 39 cases of benign mesenchymomas in children. Since then, additional reports have appeared such as benign mesenchymoma in the sole of a 7 year-old child, [4] in the left femoral triangle in a nine month-old male, [5] 38 cases of chest wall benign mesenchymoma in children, [6] 36 cases of head and neck mesenchymoma including 15 cases arising from tongue, out of which six presented in childhood, and [7] benign renal mesenchymoma in a 13 year-old girl. [8]
A thorough search of literature revealed only three cases of retroperitoneal benign mesenchymoma-ours being the fourth. [3],[9]
If a large retroperitoneal soft tissue mass is present with several sarcomatous features such as prominent calcification / ossification or a fatty component, the differential diagnosis should include a malignant mesenchymoma. [10] However, pleomorphic and hyperchromatic blast cells suggestive of malignancy were not identified in our case.
The most common differential diagnosis of a retroperitoneal lipomatous tumor is angiomyolipoma that usually arises from the kidney. Hruban et al. emphasized the need to include this rare tumor in differential diagnosis for well-differentiated fatty tumors occurring outside the kidney. [11]
Hence, the differential diagnosis of a well-differentiated fatty neoplasm should include spindle cell lipoma, atypical lipoma, liposarcoma, malignant mesenchymoma and angiolipoma. Spindle cell lipoma and atypical lipoma in the retroperitoneum also may behave in a malignant manner and are best considered as well-differentiated liposarcomas. [12]
| References | | |
| 1. | Stout AP. Mesenchymoma, the mixed tumor of mesenchymal derivatives. Ann Surg 1948;127:278-90.  [PUBMED] [FULLTEXT] |
| 2. | Nuovo MA, Nuovo GJ, Smith D, Lewis SH. Benign mesenchymoma of the round ligament. A report of two cases with immunohistochemistry. Am J Clin Pathol 1990;93:421-4. |
| 3. | Le Ber MS, Stout AP. Benign mesenchymoma in children. Cancer 1962;15:598-605. [PUBMED] |
| 4. | Takato T, Soyana S, Naka Y, Mishina M. Benign mesenchymoma of sole. Ann Plast Surg 1984;13:150-3. |
| 5. | Iyer CP, Stunden R. Benign mesenchymoma of childhood: A case report. J Pediatr Surg 1995;30:1502-3. [PUBMED] [FULLTEXT] |
| 6. | Psaila J, Carachi R, Raine PA, Patrick WJ. Thoracic mesenchymoma of infancy. J Pediatr Surg 1996;31:725-8. |
| 7. | Yencha MW, Sassler AM, Drohan PS. Intraoral benign mesenchymomas. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1995;113:816-9. |
| 8. | Joniau S, Goeman L, Kreuzbauer S, Bogaert G, Dal Cin P, Oyen R, et al . Benign renal mesenchymoma in the pediatric age group: A novel pathologic and karyotype entity. Urology 2004;63:981-4. |
| 9. | Hellstrom HR, Fisher ER. Benign retroperitoneal mesenchymoma (hamartoma). AMA Arch Surg 1959;78:975-8. [PUBMED] |
| 10. | Brady MS, Perino G, Tallini G, Russo P, Woodruff JM. Malignant mesenchymoma. Cancer 1996;77:467-73. [PUBMED] |
| 11. | Hruban RH, Bhagavan BS, Epstein JI. Massive retroperitoneal angiomyolipoma. A lesion that may be confused with well-differentiated liposarcoma. Am J Clin Pathol 1989;92:805-8. |
| 12. | Azumi N, Curtis J, Kempson RL, Hendrickson MR. Atypical and malignant neoplasms showing lipomatous differentiation. A study of 111 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1987;11:161-83.7 |
[Figure - 1], [Figure - 2]
|
