ABSTRACT: In this prospective study, 18 consecutive cases of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NNEC) perforation were manages in two modalities. In the first group, 5 cases were treated with surgery consisting of excision of involved bowel segment and enterostomy as primary management. None of the babies survived. Peritoneal drainage was used in the second group of 13 cases as primary procedure. Seven infants (54 percent) survived without any further operative procedure. Six infants (46 percent) died. Three of them required laparotomy because of progressive deterioration or ineffective drainage. The result of this study is encouraging in terms of survival with simple and cost effective primary peritoneal drainage (PPD).

ABSTRACT: A study was undertaken to know the efficacy of C-reactive protein (CRP) vis-a-vis total leucocyte count (TLC) and ESR, in detecting postoperative infection in children. All the three parameters showed increased value in postoperative infection and declining value when the infection was controlled. But the rise in CRP value was many folds in comparison to TLC and ESR in cases where postoperative infection was noted. Hence CRP can be included as a rapid and sensitive test to detect postoperative infection and to monitor the efficacy of treatment.

ABSTRACT: Acute scrotum is one of the common childhood surgical emergencies. Even if all modern investigative techniques are used an accurate diagnosis may be difficult. A correct diagnosis and prompt intervention can save most of the tests in cases of torsion. A 5-year experience of 236 cases of acute scrotum treated in this institution is reported. Of these 236 cases 34.8 percent were epididymo-orchitis, 13.9 percent were torsion of testis and 29.7 percent were torsion of appendix of testis. There were 33 cases of torsion of testis of which 23 (69.7 percent) were gangrenous. Eight cases were presented within 24 hours of onset of symptoms of which 6 (75 percent) were viable, Twenty-seven cases (81.8 percent) of torsion of testis was on the left side and in 3 cases torsion occurred in undescended testis. Ten per cent of patients with epididymo-orchitis had an underlying primary urinary tract pathology.

ABSTRACT: A new operation that has been found effective in the treatment of frequently recurring rectal prolapse in children is described. It involves fixing the mucosa to the lateral walls of the anal canal with buttons. The technique is safe, simple and effective for both mucosal prolapse and full thickness rectal prolapse. It is free from major complications. The controversy surrounding the predisposing factors, the nature of the prolapse and the various suggested treatment are highlighted.

ABSTRACT: One hundred and sixty-four cases of thalassemia were referred for surgery in a seriously ill-state with severe anemia, huge hepatosplenomegaly, cardiomegaly with iron induced cardiomyopathy, and chronic extrinsic restrictive lung disorder. Inspite of the risk anticipated, splenectomy was undertaken in all of them. Taking special care and measures during operation the hurdles of risk were overcome. In the present series mortality and morbidity were insignificant. Besides splenectomy free splenic slice grafting extraperitoneally was added to preserve splenic immunofunction. Grafts survived and functioned well.

ABSTRACT: Preputialplasty has been performed in 74 patients for phimosis. It is a simple operation conserving the prepuce with its functions. Preputialplasty is cosmetically good and morbidity is less in comparison to circumcision.

ABSTRACT: A 20 month-old male child presented with repeated episodes of upper respiratory tract infection and mild scoliosis with convexity on the right side. Chest x-ray showed multiple hemivertebrae and a posterior mediastinal mass and contrast enhanced CT scan showed the mass to be of a functioning thoracic kidney. A thoracic kidney with skeletal anomalies poses a diagnostic challenge to clinicians when detected incidentally on plain roentgenography and should be differented from esophageal duplication or neurenteric cyst.

ABSTRACT: Retroperitoneal xanthogranuloma is an extremely rare tumor in children. So far only four such cases have been reported in the literature. The etiology of this tumor is not clearly understood. We herein describe a case of retroperitoneal xanthogranuloma in an eight-month-old child, which happens to be the youngest case ever reported, with review of the literature.

ABSTRACT: Teratoma of the orbit is rare, only few cases have been published in the literature. We present a case of orbital teratoma in a neonate who presented with a ulcerated mass in the left orbit. Enucleation of the orbit was done and histopathological examination revealed features of benign teratoma.